基于3S技术的土地利用信息动态变更调查新机制研究——以成都市为例     

唐侨  陈涛  刘思源  徐柱 《测绘与空间地理信息》2015,(1):77-80

新形势下的土地变更调查任务不断增加,要求不断提高,手段不断强化,时间紧、任务重是当前土地变更调查面临的重大问题。针对以上问题,本文提出了一种动态变更的技术流程,通过深入研究土地规划实施、土地综合整治、地籍管理、耕地保护、执法监察等业务及相关关系,围绕"及时发现、快速调查、持续更新、如实上报、共享应用"5个方面的问题,以3S技术、网络技术、数据库技术等为支撑,提出以二调成果为基础,从土地管理业务内部及时发现变化,以发现驱动土地利用信息日常性持续动态变更的新思路。以成都市为例,开展基于3S技术的土地利用信息动态变更调查的方法在实际工作中的应用研究,实现了土地利用信息的"一图多用",并对变更结果进行了分析。  相似文献   

Scientists’ framing of the ocean science–policy interface     

《Global Environmental Change》2015

Scientists’ ideas, beliefs, and discourses form the frames that shape their choices about which research to pursue, their approaches to collaboration and communicating results, and how they evaluate research outputs and outcomes. To achieve ocean sustainability, there are increasing calls for new levels of engagement and collaboration between scientists and policy-makers; scientists’ willingness to engage depends on their current and evolving frames. Here, I present results about how scientists involved in diverse fields of ocean research perceived their role as scientists working at or near the ocean science–policy interface and how this related to their perceptions regarding ocean research priorities. The survey of 2187 physical, ecological and social scientists from 94 countries showed that scientists held different perspectives about their appropriate level of engagement at the ocean science–policy interface and the relative primacy of science versus politics in formulating ocean policy. Six clusters of scientists varied in their frames; three clusters accounted for 94% of the sample. Of 67 research questions identified from 22 research prioritization and horizon scanning exercises, the top eight were shared among all three clusters, showing consistency in research priorities across scientists with different framings of their role at the science–policy interface. Five focused on the mechanisms and effects of global change on oceans, two focused on data collection and management for long-term ocean monitoring, and one focused on the links between biodiversity and ecological function at different scales. The results from this survey demonstrated that scientists’ framings of the role of ocean science at the science–policy interface can be quantified in surveys, that framing varies among scientists, and that research priorities vary according to the framings.  相似文献   

气候变化对中国农业生产影响研究展望   总被引：32，自引：0，他引：32  

周广胜 《气象与环境科学》2015,38(1):80-94

综述了气候变化背景下中国农业气候资源、农业气象灾害(干旱、洪涝、高温热浪、低温灾害)和农业病虫害的变化趋势与规律,从农业生产潜力变化、作物种植制度变化和作物品质变化等方面阐明了气候变化对中国农业生产的影响事实,分析了气候变化对中国农业生产的可能影响和中国农业生产适应气候变化的对策措施。在此基础上,针对气候变化背景下中国气候资源的时空分布特点及农业生产出现的新情况、新问题,指出了当前中国关于气候变化对农业影响研究存在的不足,提出了未来气候变化对中国农业生产影响研究需要重视的方面,为确保气候变化背景下中国的农业生产安全及粮食安全提供决策支持。  相似文献   

A2和B2排放情景下气候变化对福建省水稻生产的阶段性影响     

江敏  石春林  薛昌颖 《气象与环境科学》2015,38(4):38-46

选择IPCC排放情景特别报告(SRES)中的A2和B2方案,利用区域气候模式PRECIS构建的气候变化情景文件与作物模型(CERES-Rice)耦合,采用雨养与灌溉两种方式,并综合考虑未来CO2浓度增加带来的直接增益效应,模拟了未来2020s及2040s两个时段气候变化对福建省水稻生育期与产量的影响。结果表明:无论是雨养方式还是灌溉方式,未来全省各稻区水稻生育期都将缩短,并且随着温度增高,2040s时段缩短的时间较2020s更长,单季稻生育期缩短时间最长,可达15~20 d。雨养条件下,除了闽东南双季稻区后季稻在2020s时段表现为2.3%(A2)和3.1%(B2)较小幅度的增产外,其他稻区各种稻作制度下的水稻产量较之BASE均出现了不同幅度的减产。闽西北稻区后季稻减产幅度最大,2020s时段A2和B2情景下减产幅度依次为6.9%和10.2%,2040s时段减产幅度进一步加大至14.1%和15.6%。闽东南稻区后季稻模拟结果较为乐观,尤其是在灌溉条件下表现为不同幅度的增产,两种情景下分别增产了1.7%、3.9%。双季稻种植区的后季稻产量稳定性均不如早稻和单季稻的,且随着温度升高,到2040s产量不稳定性有增加的趋势。灌溉在一定程度上可以缓解未来高温天气带来的产量波动。从全省的总产变化趋势来看,A2和B2两种排放情景模拟的结果都不容乐观,即使采用充分灌溉的方式,也依旧表现为减产。2020s时段,两种情景下分别减产0.74%与2.44%;2040s时段,两种情景下减产为3.50%与3.23%。未来早稻和单季稻生长季的土壤水分条件将变得不如目前湿润,与之相关的灌溉需要量均有所增加。  相似文献   

Low calcification rates and calcium carbonate production in Porites panamensis at its northernmost geographic distribution          下载免费PDF全文

Carlos Orión Norzagaray‐López  Luis Eduardo Calderon‐Aguilera  José Martín Hernández‐Ayón  Héctor Reyes‐Bonilla  Juan P. Carricart‐Ganivet  Rafael Andrés Cabral‐Tena  Eduardo Francisco Balart 《Marine Ecology》2015,36(4):1244-1255

Porites panamensis is a hermatypic coral present in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Skeletal growth parameters have been reported, but studies of the relationship between annual calcification rates and environmental controls are scarce. In this study, we investigated three aspects of the annual calcification rates of P. panamensis: growth parameters among three P. panamensis populations; the sea surface temperature as a calcification rate control spanning a latitudinal gradient; and calcium carbonate production among three sites. Growth parameters varied among the sites due to the colony growth form. Massive colonies in the north showed a higher calcification rate than encrusting colonies in the south (mean: 1.22–0.49 g CaCO₃ · cm^?2 · yr^?1), where variations in calcification rates were related to growth rate (0.91–0.38 cm · yr^?1) rather than to skeletal density differences (overall mean ± SD, 1.31 ± 0.04 g CaCO₃ · cm^?3). Our results showed a positive linear relationship between annual calcification rates and sea surface temperatures within these P. panamensis populations. Differences were related to distinct oceanographic environments (within and at the entrance of the Gulf of California) with different sea surface temperature regimes and other chemical properties. Different populations calcified under different environmental conditions. Calcium carbonate production was dependent upon the calcification rate and coral cover and so carbonate production was higher in the north (coral cover 12%) than in the south (coral cover 3.5). Thus, the studied sites showed low calcium carbonate production (0.25–0.43 kg CaCO₃ · m^?2 · yr^?1). Our results showed reduced calcification rates, regional temperature regime control over calcification rates, different growth forms, low coral cover and low calcium carbonate production rates in P. panamensis.  相似文献   

北冰洋楚科奇海浮游细菌丰度和生产力及其分布特征     

高源  何剑锋  陈敏  林凌  张芳 《海洋学报》2015,37(8):96-104

2012年夏季中国第5次北极科学考察期间,对北冰洋楚科奇海及其北部边缘海浮游细菌丰度和生产力进行了测定,并将其与环境因子进行了相关性分析。结果显示,楚科奇海浮游细菌丰度的变化范围为0.56×108~6.41×108 cells/dm3,平均为2.25×108 cells/dm3;细菌生产力介于0.042~1.92mg/(m3·d)(以碳计)之间,平均为0.54mg/(m3·d)(以碳计),与已有研究结果基本相当。陆架区细菌丰度和生产力要明显高于北部边缘区,但前者的单位细菌生产力则较低。与环境因子的相关性分析显示,细菌丰度与温度和叶绿素a浓度存在显著正相关(p0.01),表明北极变暖导致的海水升温及浮游植物生物量的增加均会促进细菌的生长,从而进一步提高细菌在海洋生态系统和碳循环中的作用。但陆架区的细菌生产力与环境参数均没有显著相关性,表明其影响因素较为复杂;生产力在北部边缘区则仅与叶绿素a存在显著正相关(p0.01),表明浮游植物生长过程产生的溶解有机碳(DOC)是细菌生长最为主要的碳源,碳源的单一可能制约细菌的生产从而导致该海域无冰状态下细菌丰度的增加不如预期,但融冰过程带来的大量DOC将促进细菌活性的增加。  相似文献   

浅谈厦门市大比例尺数字栅格地图的生产方法     

林先秀 《现代测绘》2011,34(6)

为了满足厦门市城市规划、设计和建设的需要,2009年厦门市国土资源与房产管理局组织实施了厦门市1∶2000比例尺地形图测绘及空间数据库建设Ⅱ期项目。该项目涵盖了多坐标系、多比例尺、多类别的共计17种产品。本文主要就厦门市1∶2000比例尺数字栅格图的生产方法做一些技术上的探讨。  相似文献   

关于应用第二次土地调查成果联合开展农村宅基地权属调查及规范农民建房摸底调查的全新工作方法     

李洁园 《测绘与空间地理信息》2011,34(1):192-194,201

以广州增城市为例,介绍了应用第二次土地调查成果联合开展农村宅基地权属调查及规范农民建房摸底调查的一种全新工作方法,通过实践应用,得出联合调查这一新方法可以极大地加快工作进度,提高成果质量,节约政府财政成本,减少扰民.  相似文献   

"3S"技术在土地管理领域中的应用现状与展望     

刘崴  于喜旺  都利霞 《测绘与空间地理信息》2011,34(2):183-184

土地作为一种不可再生资源,科学利用和有效管理土地资源对我国有着比较重要的意义.20世纪80年代,3S技术已经逐步地在土地管理工作中有了比较广泛的应用.特别是最近两年,经过二次土地调查之后,3S技术在建设用地前期勘测定界、土地资源动态监测、土地整理、土地规划、地籍测绘等工作中得到了更加广泛的应用.但也应当看到,3S技术在...  相似文献   

新疆基础测绘元数据自动化生产技术研究     

吴学峰  胡红艳  赵淑玲 《测绘与空间地理信息》2011,34(4):56-57,61

通过利用自编程序实现元数据必填属性项的自动化提取,利用程序自动化处理生成最终组织好目录的元数据成果。通过在新疆基础测绘项目的实际生产应用,对程序进行测试,证明可实现减少错漏出现,提高工作效率、降低成本、提高产品质量。  相似文献